Abbasid empire timeline. The family came to power in t...
- Abbasid empire timeline. The family came to power in the Abbasid Revolution in 748–750, supplanting the Umayyad Caliphate. The dynasty ruled the Islamic Caliphate from 750 to 1258 AD, making it one of the longest and most influential Islamic dynasties. The Abbasid Dynasty: The Golden Age of Islamic Civilization The Abbasid Caliphate, which ruled the Islamic world, oversaw the golden age of Islamic culture. The Abbasid Caliphate, established in 750 CE, was a golden age of Islamic civilization that lasted for over five centuries. Explore the timeline of Umayyad Dynasty. The caliphate replaces the rule of the Sunni Umayyad caliphate on August 6, 750, with cores, bordering Miaphysite Aksum, Alodia, Beja and Makuria south, fellow Timeline: Abbasid Timeline Search Search through the entire ancient history timeline. This location took advantage of the The decisive Battle of the Zab in 750 saw the Abbasid army triumph over the last Umayyad caliph, Marwan II. The Abbasid dynasty had a strong Persian bent, [21] and adopted many practices from the Sasanian Empire —among those, that of translating foreign works, except that now texts were translated into Arabic. 786–809), is remembered as one of history’s greatest patrons of the arts and sciences. Explore the timeline of Islamic Caliphates. [5][6] There are a few alternative timelines. However, this burst of artistic vitality came to a temporary halt with the sack of Baghdad by the Ilkhanid branch of the Mongols in 1258. It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib (566–653 CE), from whom the dynasty takes its name. Explore the history of the Byzantine Empire through a timeline highlighting its major events and achievements. Nazeer Ahmed, PhD The Abbasid revolution was the first major military-political upheaval in the Muslim world, which resulted in the destruction of one dynasty and its replacement by another. However, the Shi‘at ‘Alī, "the Party of Ali", were again disappointed when the Abbasid dynasty took power, as the Abbasids were descended from Muhammad's uncle, ‘Abbas ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib and not from Ali. The Islamic empires were based on trade, as opposed to Christian society's focus on agrarian landlords. [7] This is in contrast to a federation, which is an extensive state voluntarily composed of autonomous states and peoples. 1055 CE, 447 A. Learn about the Islamic Golden Age and its lasting impact on science, philosophy, and culture. It controlled a large region in Northern Africa along the Mediterranean coast from 909 to 1171, and was ultimately centered in Egypt. It emerged as a result of a revolt against the Umayyad Caliphate, with the Abbasids claiming to be the rightful successors of Prophet Muhammad. Abbasid control eventually disintegrated, and the edges of the empire declared local autonomy. [24] At the same time the study of the earliest periods in Islamic history is made difficult by a lack of sources. Abbasid The Abbasid Dynasty is the ruling bloodline of the Abbasid Caliphate, a Medieval Islamic state that ruled North Africa and the Middle East from 750 CE to 1258 CE. 2 Picture 1: The Map of the Abbasid Empire - Around 750 CE The Abbasid Empire Origination: The Overthrow of the Umayyad Dynasty (750 CE) Around 750, Abu al-Abbas, a descendant of Muhammad's uncle, overthrew the Umayyad dynasty and set up the Abbasid dynasty. Jan 1, 740, Anatolia Jan 1, 749, The Umayyad Dynasty comes to an End Jan 1, 750, The Orgins of the Abbasid Empire Jan 1, 762, The Capital Shifts to Bagdhad (Abbasid Empire) Jan 1, 800, Reforms in Education Jan 1, 945, The Invasion of the Buyids Jan 1, 755, Abd al-Rahman makes his way to Cordoba (Muslim Spain) The document provides a chronological list of Abbasid rulers along with the dates of their reigns. Explore the fragmentation of the Islamic Empire and its geopolitical consequences, from the Abbasid Caliphate's decline to the emergence of regional powers and cultural shifts. After a period of Arab and Turkish governors (638 The Abbasid Caliphate was an Arabic dynasty that ruled over much of the Muslim world for over 500 years. An empire is a large polity which rules over territories outside of its original borders. It became a center of learning and the hub of what is known as the Golden Age of Islam. While the Byzantine Empire was fighting Abbasid rule in Syria and Anatolia, the caliphate’s military operations were focused on internal unrest. The decline began with a defeat by the Byzantine Empire in 717; intertribal feuding, discontent among non-Arab Muslims, and the failure of financial reforms also contributed to the eventual unseating of the Umayyads by the ʿAbbasid dynasty. Complete timelines of Abbasid Empire | From rise to fall Welcome to [AbbasiMahasabha1] — where history comes alive through gripping storytelling, detailed research, and stunning visuals. Humphrey, quoted by Antoine Borrut, explains that the stories related The Abbasids replaced the expanding empire and "tribal politics" of "the tight-knit Arabian elite [25] with cosmopolitan culture and disciplines of Islamic science, [25] philosophy, theology, law and mysticism became more widespread, and the gradual conversions of the empire's populations occurred. List of key factors in the decline of the Umayyad dynasty. Definitions of what physically and politically constitutes an empire vary. By: Saurav Ghosh Hr. By 759 CE, the Abbasid Dynasty has firmly consolidated its control, marking a decisive new chapter in Islamic history, even as echoes of Umayyad rule linger within the structure and ethos of the new regime. The Umayyad caliphs appointed governors over the three crucial areas of the Hejaz, Yemen, and Oman, but in Iraq occasional powerful governors managed to control The Abbasid victors desecrated the tombs of the Umayyads in Syria, sparing only that of Umar II, and most of the remaining members of the Umayyad family were tracked down and killed. It Kids and students learn about the Abbasid Caliphate of the Islamic Empire including the Golden Age of Islam, when it ruled, the lands it rule, Egypt, Baghdad, and interesting facts. During the Abbasid period, the Land of Israel and Jerusalem did not receive the same investment as they had during the Umayyad period, although Ramle, which had been Discover the incredible history of the Abbasid Caliphate, one of the most significant and influential Islamic empires in the world. Meanwhile, Muslim rule in the west extends all the way to Spain (al Andalus). Jan 1, 661, Capital is moved to Damascus Jan 1, 680, Massacre at Karbala Jan 1, 696, Reforms by Yazid's son, Abd Al-Malik the unified the empire Jan 1, 691, Dome of the Rock is completed Jan 1, 732, Umayyad Expansion and the Battle of Tours Jan 1, 750, Umayyad vs. After defeating the preceding Umayyad Caliphate in a civil war, the Abbasids gained power in the mid-8th century CE. c. It was perhaps Islamic history’s grandest and most This history of the Abbasid caliphate from its foundation in 750 and golden age under Harun al-Rashid to the conquest of Baghdad by the Mongols in 1258 examines the caliphate as an empire and institution, and probes its inûuence over Islamic culture and society. List of Abbasid caliphs The Abbasid caliphs were the holders of the Islamic title of caliph who were members of the Abbasid dynasty, a branch of the Quraysh tribe descended from the uncle of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, Al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib. It rose from bloody beginnings to become the center of the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age under the legendary Harun al-Rashid. . Definition Caliphate (“ Khilafat ” in Arabic) was a semi-religious political system of governance in Islam, in which the territories of the Islamic empire in the Middle East and North Africa and the people within were ruled by a supreme leader called Caliph (“ Khalifa ” in Arabic – meaning successor). It overthrew the Umayyad caliphate in 750 CE and reigned until it was destroyed by the Mongol invasion in 1258. However, internal conflicts and external invasions gradually weakened the empire. Dr. Jan 1, 750, Abbasids take over the Umayyads Jan 1, 762, Capital of the Abbasids moves to Baghdad Jun 9, 747, First revolt against Umayyad Rule Jan 1, 1261, Abbasid Calpiphate is reestablished in Cairo Feb 20, 1258, Mongol Invasion destroys Abbasid Caliphate Jan 1, 1517, Abbasid Caliphate falls again Mar 2, 2022, Buyids invade Baghdad The Fatimid dynasty broke from the Abbasids in 909 and created separate line of caliphs in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, and Palestine until 1171 CE. 1091 CE, 484 A. The Abbasid caliphs established the city of Baghdad in 762 CE. In the 10th century, regional dynasties emerged, reducing the Abbasids to figureheads with limited power. The period is traditionally said to have ended with the collapse of the Abbasid caliphate due to Mongol invasions and the siege of Baghdad in 1258. Definition The Umayyad Dynasty (661-750 CE), the first dynasty to take the title of Caliphate, was established in 661 CE by Muawiya (l. It succeeded the Umayyad Caliphate and marked a significant period in Islamic history. [25] The stories were written in the form of “founding conquest stories” based on nostalgia for the golden age then. Specify between which dates you want to search, and what keywords you are looking for. The Umayyads established a capital at Damascus, Syria, extended the Arab empire, and became known for outstanding architecture. Under his rule, Baghdad became the world’s most important center for science, philosophy, medicine, and education. The Abbasid Caliphate or Abbasid Empire[a] was the third caliphate established after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and was ruled by the Abbasid dynasty. The following timeline provides a brief progression of historical events regarding the Abbasid Dynasty: 632 CE: Death of Muhammed, Prophet, and founder of the Islamic faith. H Baghdad is conquered by the Seljuk Turks. Made with ️ in London. H Christians get Toledo (in Spain). The Umayyads ruled effectively and firmly established the political authority of Ottomans achieve new empire for Islam From Bosnia to Egypt and Arabia, the Ottoman Turks now rule the largest Muslim empire since the early caliphate - and will frequently use the title of caliph to assert their authority within Sunni Islam The Abbasids, at their start, are a Sunni Mashriqi caliphate who takes up the regions of Egypt (Africa continent), Arabia, Mashriqi (Near East subcontinent, Asia continent), Persia and Khorasan (Persia subcontinent, Asia continent). Abbasid The Abbasid (Arabic: العبّاسيّونý, al-‘Abbasiyoun) dynasty succeeded the Umayyad dynasty and marked the high water point of the Arab empire, in terms of civilization, under the banner of Islam. It starts with Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah (749-754) and ends with Al-Qadir (991-1031). The massive size of the caliphate meant that it had contact and shared borders with many distant empires, so scholars at The Abbasid Caliphate or Abbasid Empire was the third Islamic caliphate, founded by a descendant of Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, from whom the A Dec 4, 900, Golden age of Islam takes place Dec 4, 744, The third Muslim civil war takes place Dec 4, 750, Ummayyad Dynasty Collapses Dec 4, 750, The Abbasids take over Dec 11, 929, Abd Al-Rahman declares himself Caliph of Cordoba Dec 11, 724, Islam begins to spread in some parts of France Dec 11, 712, Ummayad take over Indus In both cases, these rulers continued to recognise the nominal authority of the Abbasids, but set their own policies, keeping back some of the taxes to fund their own armies and administrations. A cadet branch of the dynasty also ruled as ceremonial rulers for the Mamluk Sultanate (1261–1517) until their conquest by the Ottoman Empire. Islamic Golden Age Timeline Timeline Description: The Islamic Golden Age (622 - 1258) represents a time in history when the political power of Islam allowed a flourishing of intellectual development. The Fatimid dynasty broke from the Abbasids in 909 and created separate line of caliphs in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, and Palestine until 1171 CE. This location took advantage of the The Abbasid Caliphate was the third Islamic Empire to encompass vast regions of Africa and Asia. The Abbasid Revolution overthrew the Umayyads and instituted the Abbasid dynasty which ruled over the Abbasid Caliphate. [4] This balance of fragmentation and connectivity defined the transitional centuries between the early Abbasid empire and the later Islamic golden age—an era of hydraulic empires, desert confederations, and maritime corridors linking Africa, Asia, and Europe in a single interdependent world. The fifth caliph of the Abbasid dynasty, Harun al-Rashid (r. The Abbasid Caliphate was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Fatimid Caliphate Timeline Timeline Description: The Fatimid Caliphate was a Shia Muslim caliphate named after Fatimah, the daughter of the Prophet Muhammad, whom the Fatimids claimed as their ancestor. 602-680 CE), who had served as the governor of Syria under the Rashidun Caliphate, after the death of the fourth caliph, Ali in 661 CE. [7] The Abbasid Caliphate was initially strong and united, but gradually fractured into several states whose rulers only paid lip service to the caliph in Baghdad. Abbasid-Seljuk rule starts, which lasts until 1258 when Mongols destroy Baghdad. The Abbasids were an Arabic dynasty that initially ruled over most of the Islamic empire (save some western parts) after assuming the caliphate in 750 CE, later on, their empire fragmented, however, they retained spiritual supremacy as caliphs until 1258 CE. This victory led to the fall of the Umayyad dynasty and the establishment of Abbasid rule, marking a significant shift in the caliphate's power base from Syria to Iraq and ushering in a new era of Islamic governance. Jan 14, 2026 · Abbasid caliphate, second of the two great dynasties of the Muslim empire of the caliphate. The spread of autonomy in the provinces weakened the Abbasid Empire which, by then, only really controlled the central regions of Dar al-Islam. The decisive Battle of the Zab in 750 saw the Abbasid army triumph over the last Umayyad caliph, Marwan II. This leaves the geographic middle, Syria and Palestine (in Arabic: bilad al sham), in the hands of Egypt, which (after 868) emerges as the strongest regional power. The lessons from that revolution are as valid today as they were in the year 750. The Abbasid dynasty brought about the end of the Umayyad dynasty, except for a small Umayyad realm in Spain. An empire is an aggregate of many separate states or territories under a supreme ruler or oligarchy. 1095 CE, 488 A. The Abbasids reached power by allying themselves with the Persians and with the Shia Muslims. 1085 CE, 477 A. History of Arabia - Umayyad, Abbasid, Dynasties: Once Muʿāwiyah and the Umayyads had seized overlordship of the far-flung Islamic empire, which they ruled from Damascus, the Holy Cities remained only the spiritual capitals of Islam. In 762, the Abbasids built a new capital city at Baghdad on the Tigris River. External factors… The Decline of the Abbasid Empire The Abbasid leadership worked to overcome the political challenges of a large empire with limited communication in the last half of the 8th century (750–800 CE). Timeline of important events related to the Umayyad dynasty, the first great Muslim dynasty to rule the empire of the caliphate, sometimes referred to as the Arab kingdom. After that Muslim dynasties rose; some of these dynasties established notable and prominent Muslim empires, such as the Umayyad Empire and later the Abbasid Empire, [1][2] Ottoman Empire centered around Anatolia, the Safavid Empire of Persia, and the Mughal Empire in India. Copyright © 2007-2025 Timetoast Timelines, All rights reserved. For most of its early history, it was the largest empire in the world, and this meant that it had contact Contributed by Prof. Though little remembered in the west today, the Abbasids reigned By: Saurav Ghosh Hr. During the Abbasid period, the Land of Israel and Jerusalem did not receive the same investment as they had during the Umayyad period, although Ramle, which had been 1055 CE, 447 A. Explore the Abbasid Caliphate’s rise, achievements, and decline. H Normans capture Sicily, ending Muslim rule there. The end of the Abbasid caliphate thus marked the end of the universal Arab-Muslim empire. In the 8th century Middle East, a new dynasty seized control of one of the world’s greatest empires – the Islamic Caliphate. The Abbasids, whose main support came from the eastern part of the empire, moved their capital from Damascus to Baghdad. Most Islamic history was transmitted orally until after the rise of the Abbasid Caliphate. H The first crusade takes place. Though surviving Abbasids fled to Mamluk Egypt, these caliphs would only have nominal influence. Civilizations decay from within. When Abbasids declared amnesty for members of the Umayyad family, eighty gathered to receive pardons, and all were massacred. After 750, the Abbasid Caliphs move the center of the Muslim Empire further east, to Baghdad (Iraq). The Abbasid Caliphate is divided into three main periods: Early Abbasid era (750–861), Middle Abbasid era (861–936) and Later Abbasid era (936–1258). Each ruler's name is followed by the years they ruled in bold format. [4] The Abbasid Caliphate was a dynasty that ruled over the majority of the Islamic world from 750 CE to 1258 CE. Caliphs were initially the sole The Abbasids also expanded their empire, reaching its peak in the 9th century, stretching from Spain in the west to Persia in the east. v4i7, 5uosl, fmvlfa, rc77st, cmyvg, 1er4r, c1yy, xv9m, l4gf3, wq9t7,